A Review on Role of Vaccines in Epidemic Disease Control: Recent Advances and Challenges

Abstract

Vaccines have been recognized as a crucial tool in controlling epidemic diseases by inducing immunity against specific pathogens. This review focuses on the role of vaccines in epidemic disease control, highlighting recent advances and challenges in this field. The study utilized secondary data sources to explore the current landscape of vaccine development, distribution, and efficacy in combating infectious diseases. The review discusses the importance of vaccination in preventing the spread of diseases such as measles, hepatitis, influenza, and COVID-19. It also addresses the challenges associated with vaccine hesitancy, access, and misinformation, which can hinder the efforts to achieve herd immunity and control epidemic outbreaks. The study emphasizes the need for increased global collaboration and investment in research and development to address emerging infectious threats and improve vaccine coverage across populations. Recent advances in vaccine technology, such as mRNA vaccines and vector-based platforms, have revolutionized the field and accelerated the development of effective vaccines against novel pathogens. However, challenges remain in ensuring equitable distribution and access to vaccines, especially in low-resource settings. The review underscores the importance of continued research, innovation, and public health strategies to enhance vaccine effectiveness and address the evolving landscape of epidemic diseases.