Molecular Characterization Of Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated From Patients In Saudi Arabia, Jeddah

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is one of the hardest problems in the world that we should tackle. The current study, therefore, targets characterizing the antibiotic resistance properties as well as the transmission gene of bacteria isolates obtained from 95 clinical isolates. The various antibiotics levels such as penicillins (35%), macrolides (15%), tetracyclines (25%), fluoroquinolones (18%), and aminoglycosides (12%) showed a remarkable resistant state against the first line antibiotics. 65% of isolates could display multidrug resistance. The molecular screening revealed these genes encoding the antibiotic resistance - mecA, vanA, blaZ whic[1]h were novel variants; blaM1 and tetK2. among mecA (15 isolates), vanA (8 isolates), and blaZ (6 isolates), the most abundantly found genes were mecA, vanA, and blaZ. The replications of plasmids also showed that most of the resistance genes were on the plasmids and not the chromosomes of the bacterial strains, thereby enhancing the horizontal transfer between invading bacteria. The combined consequences of high antibiotic resistance promoted by the movement of key resistance genes signal fewer alternatives for fluoroquinolones or penicillin commonly used for bacterial infections. Presenting round-the-clock surveillance on top of ongoing supervision and infection control are key elements in combatting the spread of the disease.