Bioremediation Strategies For Soil And Water Pollution Harnessing The Power Of Microorganisms

Abstract

Environmental problems such as soil and water contamination are common and are caused by human activities such as industrial processes and agricultural practices. These pollutants include a wide range of chemical contaminants, such as pesticides, heavy metals, pesticide-containing chlorinated solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and newly developing contaminants like microplastics and medicines. Urgent remedial action is required due to the detrimental effects of such pollutants on human health, ecological integrity, and socio-economic welfare.  Utilising the innate metabolic capacities of microorganisms to convert and detoxify pollutants into safe metabolites, bioremediation has become a compelling and long-lasting method for mitigating pollution. The present study offers a thorough examination of bioremediation tactics designed to tackle soil and water contamination, focusing on the complex interactions among microbial communities, environmental factors, and remediation effectiveness.