The Situation In Southern Kurdistan In Two Periods Of Shaykh Mahmud’s Rule: 1918-1923

Abstract

This article utilizes the historical sociology viewpoint to portray the elements of two distinct times of Sheik Mahmud's authority in Southern Kurdistan in light of Max Weber's concept of conventional power (Patrimonial). This paper looks at how the English upheld Shaykh Mahmud's authority in the Kurdish regions and looks at it as the cutting-edge regulatory framework that the English imagined, as opposed to Shaykh Mahmud's old hereditary kind of power. The article is a historical sociological investigation of the explanations behind the English support of Shaykh Mahmud as the head of Southern Kurdistan, especially in the outcome of the Ottoman Empire's fall, by analyzing the historical background intently. It sheds light on the geopolitical factors that influenced their decisions by examining the divergent political philosophies in British political circles regarding the administration of the Kurdish areas and Mesopotamia. Moreover, the paper looks at the reasoning for Southern Kurdistan's annexation to Iraq, explicitly considering Sheik Mahmoud's statement of Kurdistan unilaterally and the retreat of his promises to the English and King Faisal of Iraq. The contention between Sheik Mahmud's traditional heir rule and the English quest for a contemporary bureaucratic system arises as a critical issue, shaping the political environment nearby. Finally, this article features the traditional innate (Patrimonial) power while analyzing Sheik Mahmud's convictions, standards, and political construction. It features how Shaykh Mahmud's procedure contrasts with the contemporary administrative vision that the English elevated in their endeavors to control the area.