Mapping and Analysis of Edible Bird Nest Export Potential and Its Contribution to the Indonesian Economy

Abstract

Indonesia is the largest producer of edible bird nests (EBN) in the world. In 2022, the number of exports to China will be 290 tons, and exports to non-China will be 1,164.9 tons. This research aims to map and analyze the potential resources of edible bird nests (EBN) that are exported and the contribution of exports to the Indonesian economy. The EBN national export data was collected in three provinces: West Kalimantan, North Sumatra and Banten. Samples of swiftlet farmhouses (SFH) were taken in the Ketapang, Deli Serdang and Serang districts. The data was then analyzed descriptively and by multiple linear regression on the relationship between the number of SFH, export capacity and national exports. Data on production capacity in the three EBN-producing provinces, namely West Kalimantan Province, North Sumatra Province and Banten Province, with the following amounts, respectively, 175,979.08 kg, 163,165.29 kg and 81,194.74 kg. The potential annual regional income tax through the EBN tax in West Kalimantan Province, North Sumatra Province and Banten Province is 31.6 billion, 29.3 billion and 14.6 billion, respectively. The average annual household income of swiftlet breeders in Deli Serdang Regency is 10.2 billion, in Serang Regency, it is 5.5 billion, and in Ketapang Regency, it is 4.2 billion. EBN export capacity is significantly influenced by the number of registered SFHs and EBN washing companies (p<0.05). On the other hand, increasing the number of registered SFH and EBN washing companies does not significantly increase the number of EBN exports p>0.05. Not all of the export capacities the Chinese government has approved can be met by the number of exports to China. EBN production capacity is not significantly influenced (p>0.05) by the size of the SFH area and SFH floor type. Still, it is more influenced by macro and micro environmental conditions, including the availability of insects as swiftlet food, the habitat or environment around the SFH and the number of swallows that live in SFH. Increasing production in SFH and the amount of SFH washing impacts the household economy, regional economy and state income.