Diabetes Mellitus: New Novel Approaches For Treatment

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a spectrum of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, or elevated blood sugar levels. This condition arises from either insufficient insulin production by pancreatic β-cells (Type 1 DM) or impaired insulin action in target tissues (Type 2 DM). The global prevalence of diabetes is projected to rise significantly in the coming decades, highlighting the urgent need for improved treatment strategies. While current therapies, including anti-diabetic drugs like metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists, offer some degree of glycemic control, they often fall short of achieving complete normalization. This review explores the pathophysiology of DM, delving into the role of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Additionally, it examines the limitations of current pharmacological interventions and emphasizes the ongoing research efforts directed towards developing more efficacious and holistic treatment approaches.