Photodegradation Of Industrial Dyes Using Graphene/Zinc-Codoped Fe3o4 Nanocomposites Prepared By The Coprecipitation Technique Is Assisted By Uv Light

Abstract

Industrial dye waste is extremely harmful to the environment, nonbiodegradable, and poisonous to a high degree. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (F-NPs), graphene-doped Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites (G/F-NCs), zinc-doped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Zn/F-NPs), and graphene-zinc codoped Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites (G/Zn/F-NCs) are all capable of photodegrading phenothiazine derivative dyes. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of each manufactured sample support the face-centered cubic structure of metallic Fe₃O₄. While the inclusion of graphene dopants causes a reduction in particle size and an expansion of the bandgap, the Zn-doped samples show an increase in crystallite size, showing that Zn 2p considerably encourages the growth of crystalline grains in Fe₃O₄. The formation of secondary pores and the incorporation of graphene nanoflakes are responsible for the increased specific surface area of G/Zn/F-NCs (71.115m²/g). The oxygen anions, graphene, Zn 2p ions and Fe₃ and Fe₂ oxidation states are all present in the Fe₃O₄ lattice, according to the X-ray photoelectron spectra of O 1s, C1s, Zn 2p and Fe 2p.