A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review and Sentiment Analysis on Studies of Leadership Types and Organizational Outcomes in the Last Two Decades (2000-2020) Found in Proquest and Ebscohost

Abstract

This research is a systematic literature review that was conducted to investigate online materials on leadership types within the last 20 years (2000-2020) prior to the global Covid-19 pandemic from two major academic databases, ProQuest and EBSCOhost. The review aimed for a comprehensive analysis of the types of leadership that have been studied, identify the common themes and gaps in the literature and offer insights into how leadership has evolved over the past two decades. The review was performed by searching both ProQuest and EBSCOhost using a combination of keywords related to leadership and leadership types. Publications released between 2000 and 2020 in these two libraries, peer-reviewed, and written in English was the main criterion in the study. A total of 110 articles were identified to have studied about leadership in general. After screening for eligibility, 34 articles were included in the final review. The research revealed that the study of leadership types has evolved significantly over the past 20 years. Four main types of leadership were identified: transformational, transactional, authentic, and servant leadership. Transformational leadership was the most commonly studied type, followed by transactional leadership. Authentic and servant leadership were less studied but gained more attention in recent years. Numerous themes were also noted in the review, such as the significance of emotional intelligence, the significance of gender and diversity, and the influence of leadership on organizational success. The review also uncovered gaps in the literature and identified the trends in leadership concepts. The study also contributed in all possible little ways to fill in the gaps in sources of knowledge regarding leadership styles, evolution, and organisational outcomes. This study will be significant for policymakers wanting to support and enforce leadership principles that align with best practices effective in organizations. Furthermore, the academe can benefit from the findings useful in curricula in developing students to become good to great leaders and managers in the future.