Embracing Complexity: Diaspora Politics as a Co-Construction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v17i1.758Keywords:
human capital, labor force participation, Mexican migrationAbstract
Building on cases of conflict-generated diaspora groups, the article proposes to understand diaspora politics as a co-construction between a series of actors that is not limited to home and host states. It argues that repeated attempts to understand diaspora politics as mostly produced by home or host countries is the result of an unwillingness to embrace the fundamentally disruptive nature of diasporas in interstate politics. Diasporas are hybrid political actors that have connections, not only with their countries of origin and of residence, but also with other diaspora groups located in the same country or elsewhere as well as with other actors at the transnational level. Taking stock of state-based approaches to diaspora politics, as well as of analyses focusing on internal diaspora matters, the article shifts the focus towards the interstate and transnational dimensions of diaspora politics and emphasises their potential to move across levels and spheres of engagementReferences
Adamson, F. and Demetriou, M. (2007). "Remapping the Boundaries of 'State' and 'National Identity'". European Journal of International Relations, 13 (4): 489-526.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066107083145
Anderson, B. (1992). "The new world disorder". New Left Review, 193 (1): 3-13.
Ang, I. (2003). "Together-in-difference: Beyond Diaspora, into Hybridity". Asian Studies Review, 27 (2): 141-154.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10357820308713372
Baser, B. (2013). "Diasporas and imported-conflicts: the case of Turkish and Kurdish second generation in Sweden". Journal of Conflict Transformation and Security, 3: 105-125.
Baser, B. (2014). "The Awakening of a Latent Diaspora: The Political Mobilization of First and Second Generation Turkish Migrants in Sweden". Ethnopolitics, 13 (4): 355-376.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2014.894175
Baser, B. (2015). Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts. A Comparative Perspective. Burlington: Ashgate.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315577012
Baser, B. and Swain, A. (2008). "Diasporas as Peacemakers: Third Party Mediation in Homeland Conflicts". International Journal on World Peace, XXV (3): 7-28.
Bauböck, R. and Faist, T. (eds.) (2010). Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
https://doi.org/10.5117/9789089642387
Bauman, G. (1996). Contesting Culture, Discourses of Identity in Multi-ethnic London. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brand, L. A. (2006). Citizens Abroad, Emigration and the State in the Middle East and North Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511491498
Brinkerhoff, J. (2009). Digital Diasporas, Identity and Transnational Engagement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805158
Burgess, K. (2014). "Unpacking the Diaspora Channel in New Democracies: When Do Migrants Act Politically Back Home?". Studies in Comparative International Development, 49 (1): 13-43.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-014-9151-5
Canefe, N. (2002). "Markers of Turkish Cypriot History in the Diaspora: Power, Visibility and Identity". Rethinking History, 6 (1): 57-76.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13642520110112119
Castles, S. (1995). "How nation-states respond to immigration and ethnic diversity". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 21 (3): 293-308.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1995.9976493
Castles, S and Davidson, A. (2000). Citizenship and Migration: Globalization and the Politics of Belonging. London: Routledge.
Checkel, J. (ed.) (2013). Transnational Dynamics of Civil Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139179089
Cochrane, F, Baser, B. and Swain, A. (2009). "Home thoughts from abroad: Diasporas and peace-building in Northern Ireland and Sri Lanka". Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 32 (8): 681-704.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100903040716
Collyer, M. (2014). "Inside out? Directly elected 'special representation' of emigrants in national legislatures and the role of popular sovereignty". Political Geography, 41: 64-73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.01.002
Délano, A. and Gamlen, A. (2014). "Comparing and Theorizing State-diaspora Relations". Political Geography 41: 43-53.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.05.005
Demmers, J. (2007). "New Wars and Diasporas: Suggestions for Research and Policy". Journal of Peace, Conflict and Development, 11: 1-26.
Féron, É. (2013). "Diaspora politics: From 'long distance nationalism' to autonomization". In D. Halm and Z. Sezgin (eds) Migration and Organized Civil Society - Rethinking National Policy, London: Routledge: 63-78.
Féron, É. (2017). "Transporting and Re-Inventing Conflicts: Conflict-Generated Diasporas and Conflict Autonomisation". Cooperation and Conflict, 52 (3): 360-376.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836716671759
Féron, É. and Orrnert, A. (eds.) (2011). Transnational Communities and Conflicts - Challenges and how to address them. Brussels: ELDIS and CORDIS.
Fitzgerald, D. (2006). "Inside the Sending State: The Politics of Mexican Emigration Control". International Migration Review, 40 (2): 259-293.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00017.x
Gamlen, A. (2008). "The emigration state and the modern geopolitical imagination". Political Geography, 27: 840-856.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.10.004
Gamlen, A. (2014). "Diaspora Institutions and Diaspora Governance". International Migration Review, 48: 180-217.
https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12136
Hecker, M. (2012). Intifada Française ? De l'importation du conflit isréalo-palestinien. Paris : Ellipses.
Heisler, B. S. (1986). "Immigrant Settlement and the Structure of Emergent Immigrant Communities in Western Europe". The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 485 (1): 76-86.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716286485001007
Joppke, C. (2007). "Beyond national models: Civic integration policies for immigrants in Western Europe". West European Politics, 30 (1): 1-22.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380601019613
Joppke, C. and Morawska, E. (eds.) (2003). Toward Assimilation and Citizenship: Immigrants in Liberal Nation-States. Migration, Minorities and Citizenship. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Just, A. and Anderson, C. J. (2012). "Immigrants, Citizenship and Political Action in Europe". British Journal of Political Science, 42 (3): 481-509.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123411000378
Karabegović, D. (2019). "Who chooses to remember? Diaspora participation in memorialization initiatives". Ethnic and Racial Studies. Online publication on 12 February, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2019.1577473
Kalra, V. S., Kaur R. and Hutnyk, J. (2005). Diasporas and Hybridity. London: Sage.
Koinova, M. (2016). "Sustained vs. Episodic Diaspora Mobilization". International Political Science Review, 37 (4): 500-516.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512115591641
Koinova, M. (2018). "Endorsers, challengers or builders? Political parties' diaspora outreach in a postconflict state". International Political Science Review, 39 (3): 384-399.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118761023
Koinova, M. (2019). "Diaspora Coalition-building for Genocide Recognition: Armenians, Assyrians and Kurds". Ethnic and Racial Studies. Online publication on 14 February, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2019.1572908
Laffey, M. and Nadarajah, S. (2012). "The Hybridity of Liberal Peace: States, Diasporas and Insecurity". Security Dialogue, 43 (5): 403-420.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010612457974
Lafleur, J-M. (2015). "The Enfranchisement of Citizens Abroad". Democratization, 22 (5): 840-860.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.979163
Lyons, T. (2007). "Conflict-generated Diasporas and Transnational Politics in Ethiopia". Conflict, Security and Development, 7 (4): 529-549.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14678800701692951
Mirilovic, N. (2015). "Regime Type, International Migration, and Dual Citizenship Toleration". International Political Science Review, 36 (5): 510-525.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512114535451
Mohammad-Arif, A. and Moliner, C. (2007). "Introduction: Migration and constructions of the other: Inter-communal relationships amongst South Asian diasporas". South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 1. Available at: http://samaj.revues.org/136
https://doi.org/10.4000/samaj.136
Paalberg, M. (2017). "Transnational Militancy: Diaspora Influence over Electoral Activity in Latin America". Comparative Political Studies, 49 (4): 541-562.
https://doi.org/10.5129/001041517821273053
Pries, L. (ed.) (2008). Rethinking Transnationalism. The Meso-Link of Organisations. New York: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203893692
Ragazzi, F. (2009). "Governing Diasporas". International Political Sociology, 3: 378-397.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2009.00082.x
Ragazzi, F. (2014). "A Comparative Analysis of Diaspora Policies". Political Geography 41: 74-89.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2013.12.004
Sassen, S. (2002). "Global Cities and Diasporic Networks: Microsites in Global Civil Society". In: H. Anheier et al. Global Civil Society 2002, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 217-238.
Sheffer, G. (1994). "Ethno-National Diasporas and Security". Survival, 36 (1): 60-79.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00396339408442724
Skrbiš, Z. (1999). Long-Distance Nationalism, Diasporas, Homelands and Identities. Farnham: Ashgate.
Smith, H and Stares, P. (eds.) (2007). Diasporas in Conflict: Peace Makers or Peace Wreckers? Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
Sökefeld, M. (2006). "Mobilizing in transnational space: a social movement approach to the formation of diaspora". Global Networks, 6 (3): 265-284.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2006.00144.x
Van Hear, N., and Cohen, R. (2017). "Diasporas and Conflict: Distance, Contiguity and Spheres of Engagement". Oxford Development Studies, 45 (2): 171-184.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2016.1160043
Vertovec, S. (2009). Transnationalism. London: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203927083
Waterbury, M. (2010). Between State and Nation. London: Palgrave.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230117310
Werbner, P. (2002). "The place which is diaspora: Citizenship, religion and gender in the making of chaordic transnationalism". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28 (1): 119-133.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830120103967
Werbner, P. and Modood, T. (eds.) (1997). Debating cultural hybridity. London: Zed Books.
Østergaard-Nielsen, E. (2006). Diasporas and Conflict Resolution - Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution? Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies Brief.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
