Migrant Diplomacies: Rethinking Diplomacy Beyond State-Centric Perspectives. A Civic Bi-Nationality Experience from North America

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v17i1.755

Keywords:

CSR, network, appropriation, sensemaking

Abstract

There is a pressing need to extend our thinking about diplomacy beyond state-centric perspectives, as in the name of sovereignty and national interests, people on move are confronting virtual, symbolic and/or material walls and frames of policies inhibiting their free movement. My point of departure is to explore migrant activism and global politics through the transformation of diplomacy in a globalised world. Developing an interdisciplinary dialogue between new diplomacy and sociology, I evidence the emergence of global sociopolitical formations created through civic bi-nationality organisations. Focusing on the agent in interaction with structures, I present a theoretical framework and strategy for analysing the practices of migrant diplomacies as an expression of contemporary politics. A case study from North America regarding returned families in Mexico City provides evidence of how these alternative diplomacies are operating.

Author Biography

Antonio Alejo, Instituto Galego de Análise e Documentación Internacional

Research Associate

References

Adamson, F B. and Tsourapas, G. (2019). “Migration diplomacy in world politics”, International Studies Perspectives, 20 (2), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1093/isp/eky015

Agier, M. (2016). Borderlands. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Alejo, A. (2018). “Make America Great Again. ¿Expresión de un nativismo blanco contemporáneo?”, CIDOB d`Afers Internacionals, 119:185-207 doi.org/10.24241/rcai.2018.119.2.185

Alejo Jaime, A. (2017) Política global y sociedad civil en las Américas: Nuevas diplomacias en Argentina y México. Madrid: La Catarata.

Alund, A. and Schierup, C.U. (2018). “Making or unmaking a movement? Challenges for civic activism in the global governance of migration”. Globalizations, 15 (6): 809-823. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2018.1446599

Appadurai, A. (2017). “Fatiga democrática”. In: VVAA El gran retroceso, Barcelona: Editorial Planeta.

Bada, X. and Glesson. S. (2019). (eds.) Accountability across borders: Migrant rights in North America. USA: University of Texas Press.

Bada, X. (2014). Mexican hometown association in Chicagoacán. From local to transnational civic engagement. USA: Rutgers University Press.

Badie, B. (2013). “Transnationalizing diplomacy and global governance”. In: K. Pauline and G. Wisseman (eds.) diplomacy in a globalizing world: Theories and practices, New York: Oxford University Press.

Badie, B. (2013b). Diplomacia del contubernio. Los desvíos oligárquicos del sistema internacional. Buenos Aíres: Universidad Tres de Febrero.

Beck, U. (2013). “Counter-power in the global age. Strategies of civil society movements”. In: T. Olesen (ed.) Power and transnational activism, Oxon: Routledge.

Beck, U. (2009). “Mobility and the cosmopolitan perspective”. In: W. Canzler; V. Kaufmann and S. Kesselring. Tracing Mobilities. Towards a Cosmopolitan Perspective. UK: Routledge.

Beck, U. (2003). “The analysis of global inequality: from national to cosmopolitan perspective”. In: H, Anheier, M, Kaldor, and M, Glasius. (eds.) Global Society 2003, London: LSE Global Governance.

Beckett, L. and Wilson, J. (2019). “El Paso shooting comes amid global rise in white nationalist violence”. UK: The Guardian, August, 5. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/04/el-paso-shooting-white-nationalist-supremacy-violence christchurch?utm_term=RWRpdG9yaWFsX0d1YXJkaWFuVG9kYXlVUy0xOTA4MDU %3D&utm_source=esp&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=GuardianTodayUS&CMP=GTUS_email

Bello, V. (2017). International Migration and International Security. Why prejudice is a global security threat? Oxon: Routledge.

Brinkerhoff, J.M. (2019). “Diasporas and Public Diplomacy: Distinctions and Future Prospects”, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 14 (1-2) https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191X-14101015

Brotherton, D.C. and Kretsedemas, P. (eds.). (2017). Immigration Policy in the Age of Punishment Detention, Deportation, and Border Control. NY: Columbia University Press.

Brown, W. (2015). Estados amurallados, soberanías en declive. Barcelona: Herder.

Caldwell, B. (2019). Deported American. Life After Deportation in Mexico. USA: Duke University Press.

Castañeda, E. (2019). Building Walls. Excluding Latin People in the United States. Maryland: The Rowman and Littlefield.

CEDES. (2018). Informe Final: Cambias con tu voto, la realidad de México. Participando y Votando en Estados Unidos de América. México: CEDES.

Coates, T.N. (2017). We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy. NY: One World.

Cohen, R and Van Hear, N. (2017). “Visions of Refugia: territorial and transnational solutions to mass displacement”. Planning Theory and Practice, 18 (3): 494-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2017.1330233

Collier, D. (2011). “Understanding process tracing”, Political Science and Politics 44(4): 823–830.

Collyer, M. (2017). “Diasporas and Transnational Citzenship”. In: A. Shachar, R. Bauboeck, I. Bloemraad and V. Maarten. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Citizenship. Oxon: Oxford University Press.

Constantinou, C. (2016). “Everyday diplomacy: mission, spectacle and the remaking of diplomatic culture”. In: J. Dimmitter and F. McConnell (eds.) Diplomatic cultures and international politics. Translations, spaces and alternatives, Oxon: Routledge.

Constantinou, C. (2013). “Between statecraft and humanism. Diplomacy and its forms of knowledge”, International Studies Review, 15 (2): 141-162. https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12037

Constantinou, C. (2012). “Multidirectional diplomacy and privatization of settlement”, A Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 24: 454-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2012.732433

Constantinou, C and Sharp, P. (2016). “Theoretical perspectives in diplomacy”. In: C. Constantinou; P. Kerr and P. Sharp. (eds.) The Sage Handbook of Diplomacy, London: Sage.

Constantinou, C.; Cornago, N., and McConnell, F. (2017). Trans-professional diplomacy. The Netherlands: Brill.

Constantinou, C. and Der Derian, J. (eds). (2010). Sustainable Diplomacies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Cornago, N. (2016). “(Para)diplomatic cultures: old and new”. In: J. Dittmer and F. McConnell (ed.) Diplomatic cultures and international politics. Translations, spaces, and alternatives, Oxon: Routledge.

Cornago, N. (2013). Plural Diplomacies. Normative predicaments and functional imperatives. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Delano, A. (2018). From here and there: diaspora policies, integration, and social rights beyond borders. NY: Oxford University Press.

Delgado Wise, R. (2018). “Is there a space for counterhegemonic participation? Civil society in the global governance of migration”, Globalizations, 15 (6): 745-761. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2018.1484204

Dimmitter, J. and McConnell, F. (eds.) (2016). Diplomatic cultures and international politics. Translations, spaces and alternatives. Oxon: Routledge.

Escobar, A. (2015). “Migración de retorno y ciudadanía múltiple en México”. In: P. Mateos. (ed.). Ciudadanía múltiple y migración. Perspectivas latinoamericanas. Mexico: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica and el Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.

Fox, J. and Rivera-Salgado, G. (2019). “Mexican migrant civil society: proposition for discussion”. In: X. Bada and S. Glesson. (ed.) Accountability across borders: Migrant rights in North America, USA: University of Texas Press.

Fox, J. and Bada, X. (2011). “Migrant civic engagement”. In: K. Voss and I. Bloemraad (eds.) Rallying for immigrant rights. The fight for inclusion in 21st century America, London: University of California Press.

Fraser, N. (2017). “Saltar del sartén para caer en las brasas. Neoliberalismo progresista frente a populismo reaccionario”. In: AAVV. El gran retroceso, Barcelona: Editorial Planeta.

Gzesh, S. (2019). “Safe Third Country Agreements with Mexico and Guatemala would be Unlawful”. July, 15. https://www.justsecurity.org/64918/safe-third-country-agreements-with-mexico-and-guatemala-would-be-unlawful/

Golash-Boza, T. (2017). Obama's Legacy as "Deporter in Chief”. In: D.C. Brotherton, D.C. and P. Kretsedemas (Eds.). Immigration Policy in the Age of Punishment Detention, Deportation, and Border Control, NY: Columbia University Press.

Golash-Boza, T. (2015). Deported. Immigrant policing, disposable labor and global capitalism. New York: New York University Press.

Guia, A. (2016). “The concept of nativism and anti-immigrant. Sentiments in Europe”, EUI Working Papers MWP, 20: 1-16.

Guia, A. (2014). “El reto del nativismo a la pluralidad e igualdad en las democracias liberales.” In: Mesa, M. (coord.) Retos inaplazables en el sistema internacional. Anuario 2015-2016, Madrid: CEIPAZ.

Ho, Eleine, L.E. and McConnell, F. (2019). “Conceptualizing diaspora diplomacy: Territory and populations betwixt the domestic and foreign”, Progress in Human Geography, 43 (2) April: 235-255. doi.org/10.1177/0309132517740217

Huntington, S. (2014). ¿Quiénes somos? Los desafíos de la identidad nacional estadounidense. Barcelona: Paidós.

Jones, R. (ed.) (2019). Opens Borders: in defense of Free Movement. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Jones, R. (2016). Violent Borders. Refugees and the right to move. London: Verso.

Kaufmann, E. (2018). White Shift. Populism, immigration and the future of white majorities. NY: Allen Lane.

Keane, J. (2009). The life and Death of Democracy. London: Simon and Schuster.

Máiz, R. (2008). “Indianismo y nacionalismo en Bolivia: estructura de oportunidad política, movilización y discurso”. In: L. Girardo. (ed.). Ciudadanía y derechos indígenas en América Latina: población, estados y orden internacional, Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales.

Marshal, T. (2018). The age of walls. How barriers between nations are changing the World. New York: Simon and Schuster.

McGrew, A. (2014). “Globalization and global politics”. In: J. Bayilis; S. Smith and P. Owens (eds.) The globalization of world politics. An introduction to international relations, Oxon: Oxford University Press.

Malley, W. (2013). “Refugee Diplomacy”. In: A. Cooper, J. Heine and R. Thakur. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy, Oxon: Oxford University Press

Milanovic, B. (2016). Global inequality: A new approach for the age of globalization. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Mora, M de J.; Rodríguez, R.; Zermeño, A. and Almeida, P. (2018). “Immigrant rights and social movements”. Sociology Compass. 12 (18) August: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12599

Mudde, C. (2019). The Far Right Today. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Mudde, C. (2017). “Why nativism not populism should be declared the world of the year”. The Guardian, December, 7. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/07/cambridge-dictionary-nativism-populism-word-year

Nicholls, W J. (2019). The immigrant rights movement. The battle over national citizenship. Stanford: University Stanford Press.

Riordan, S. (2003). New Diplomacy. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Rose, G. (2019). What´s inside. Nationalism drove some of the greatest crimes in history. Now it´s back with a vengeance. Foreign Affairs, March/April. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2019-02-12/new-nationalism

Rosenberger, S. Stern, V. and Merhaut, N. (eds.) (2018). Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation. Switzerland: Springer Open. IMISCOE Research Series.

Sassen, S. (2018). “Researching the localizations of the global”. In: M. Juergensmeyer; S. Sassen; M.R. Steger and V. Faessel. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies, Oxon: The Oxford University Press.

Sassen, S. (2015). Expulsiones, brutalidad y complejidad en la economía global. Buenos Aires: Editorial Katz.

Sassen, S. (2007). Sociología de la globalización. Buenos Aires: Katz.

Selee, A. (2019). “Guatemala, ¿El nuevo muro contra migrantes?”, México; El Universal, 29 de julio. https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/andrew-selee/mundo/guatemala-el-nuevo-muro-contra-migrantes

Sharp, P. (2013). “Diplomacy in international relations theory and other disciplinary perspectives.” In: P. Kerr and G. Wisseman. (eds.) Diplomacy in a globalizing world: Theories and practices, New York: Oxford University Press.

Schattle, H. (2019). “Citizenship”. In: M. Juergensmeyer; S. Sassen; M.R. Steger and V. Faessel. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies, Oxon: The Oxford University Press.

Scholte, J.A. (2018). “Democracy”. In: M. Juergensmeyer; S. Sassen; M.R. Steger and V. Faessel. The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies, Oxon: The Oxford University Press.

Scholte, J.A. (2009). “From Government to Governance: Transition to a New Diplomacy”. In, A.F. Cooper, B. Hocking, and W. Maley. Global Governance and Diplomacy. Worlds Apart? New York: Palgrave McMillan.

Stone, D and Douglas, E. (2018). “Advance diaspora diplomacy in a networked world”, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 24 (6): 710-723. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2018.1495712

Tan, K.C. (2017). “Cosmopolitan Citizenship”. In, A. Shachar, R. Bauboeck, I. Bloemraad and V. Maarten. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Citizenship, Oxon: Oxford University Press.

Tormey, S. (2015). The end of representative politics. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Villaroya, A. (2016). “¿Hacia una plutocracia global?”, Revista Española de Sociología, 25(1): 27–59.

Voss K and Bloemraad, I. (eds.). (2011). Rallying for immigrant rights. The fight for inclusion in 21st century America. London: University of California Press.

Wee, K. Kudakwashe, P.V and Jinnah, Z. (2018). “Repoliticizing international narratives? Critical reflection on the Civil Society. Days of the Global Forum on Migration and Development”, Globalizations, 15 (6): 795-808. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2018.1446600

Wong, W. (2012). Internal Affairs. How the Structure of NGOs Transforms Human Rights. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Young, J. G. (2017). “Making America 1920? Nativism and US Immigration, Past and Present”, Journal on Migration and Human Security, 5(1): 217-235.

Downloads

Published

2020-01-23

How to Cite

Alejo, A. (2020). Migrant Diplomacies: Rethinking Diplomacy Beyond State-Centric Perspectives. A Civic Bi-Nationality Experience from North America. Migration Letters, 17(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v17i1.755