Case Report: Multiple Myeloma (Kahler's Disease - Mm) At “San Juan” General Hospital In The City Of Riobamba

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) or also known as Kahler's disease is a pathology of plasma cells (plasmocytomas) at the level of the bone marrow or extramedullary sites, characterized by inappropriate multiplication of a monoclonal protein (IgA or IgG). It was described for the first time between the years 1844 to 1850, in 1889 it was given the eponym of Kahler's disease. The disease presents as a tumor (abnormal accumulation of cells within the bone marrow) that causes destruction and invasion of the bone surrounding the bone marrow cavity (multiple lytic bone lesions), the patient's response causes various symptoms such as bone pain , fractures, renal failure, predisposition to infections, anemia, hypercalcemia and coagulation disorders. It is a frequent pathology in the United States, in Latin America the highest incidence rate was in Colombia and Ecuador. Black people are affected twice as much as whites, likewise it affects more men than women (1:4 ratio). It evolves in several phases: initial, activity and terminal. Diagnosis is based on invasive and non-invasive methods. At the moment, multiple myeloma is an incurable disease, but with the improvement and combination of treatments, a stable remission of several has been achieved; early intervention improves survival.