High-performance, Wind-driven Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Hybrid Nanogenerator for Self-powered Wireless Transmission and Wind Speed Sensing in the Internet of Things

Abstract

Wind energy is becoming more crucial in addressing the scarcity of fossil fuel due to the development of promising technologies like Electromagnetic Generators (EGs), Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TNs), and their hybrid nanogenerators. However, only a portion of wind energy can be efficiently converted into electricity. By integrating 5G technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) and expanding the deployment of wireless sensor networks, vulnerable areas may be effectively monitored for potential disasters. Nevertheless, substituting conventional chemical batteries with new ones in IoT devices poses a substantial difficulty, particularly in distant regions. This article presents a hybrid energy harvester explicitly designed for wind energy harvesting. This work introduces the High Performance, Wind-driven Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Hybrid Nanogenerator (HPW-TEHN) as a solution for self-powered Wireless Transmission (WT) and Wind Speed Sensing (WSS) in the Internet of Things (IoT). Here, we present a High-Performance Wind Turbine with a wide operational range of wind speeds, allowing for efficient harnessing of wind energy across different levels, including gentle breezes and moderate and severe winds. The gadget comprises a spinning body and a sliding body. The power-producing mechanism consists of the EGs in the rotating body and the TNs in the sliding body. All created units are fully enclosed within the device box, effectively insulated from challenging environmental conditions. This research comprehensively analyzes the impact of dielectric material kinds and sizes on the output performance of TNs. Additionally, it investigates the output performance of this device under various wind speeds. The performance of HPW-TEHN improves as the wind speed increases. At a wind speed of 10 m/s, the TN, EG, and HPW-TEHN generate an output power of 0.19 mW, 0.38 mW, and 1.4 mW, respectively.