How Ethical Leadership, Grit, and Workplace Spirituality Affect Manager Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Islamic Perspective

Abstract

Employee organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is urgently needed by organizations, especially in dealing with abnormal situations, such as during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study explores manager OCB based on ethical leadership, grit, and workplace spirituality mediated by innovative work behavior (IWB). A quantitative approach with a causal design and a survey method was used in this research, which distributed Likert scale questionnaires to 220 managers in Islamic banks in Indonesia with the largest capitalization. Data analysis used structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the tawhidi string relation (TSR) by circular causation approach. The results indicated that OCB managers are influenced by ethical leadership, grit, workplace spirituality, and IWB. In addition, IWB has also been affected by ethical leadership, grit, and workplace spirituality. Finally, ethical leadership, grit, and workplace spirituality indirectly affect OCB through IWB. This finding promotes a new empirical model regarding the effect of ethical leadership, grit, and workplace spirituality on manager OCB mediated by IWB. It provides a theoretical contribution to the development of Sharia economics through the perspective of human resources, especially the OCB of Islamic Bank managers, based on the perspective of ethical leadership, grit, and workplace spirituality with IWB mediation. In addition, these findings also provide practical implications for the management of Islamic Bank human resources, especially in dealing with situations that are not conducive due to a crisis or disaster, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, academics, scientists, researchers, and practitioners can discuss, adopt, or adapt this evidence to allow their work areas in the future.