Detection of Soil Degradation using Spectral Indicators in Canaan District (Case Study)

Abstract

The study (detection of soil degradation using spectral indicators) was carried out by identifying the changes in soil degradation in the Canaan district located between latitudes (-25, 32o_-33,46o) north and longitudes (-44,42o_-44, 58o) east, with an area of (613 km2), as the study of soil degradation is one of the important studies due to the environmental changes it obtains, as well as the role of natural and human factors in changing the characteristics and characteristics of the soil, especially after the passage of a period of time, Satellite data (Landsat 5-9) was used for each of the sensors (ETM+, OLI) in the process of monitoring soil degradation for the years (1995 and 2022). To reach accurate results, spectral indicators were applied. The vegetative difference index was classified into four categories. As for the degradation index The soil was classified into three categories, the soil salinity index into three categories, and the bare soil index into two categories, and then the change value for the two years was extracted to show the extent of soil deterioration and make a comparison between the two years. It was shown in the (NDVI) index that the category (devoid of vegetation) increased in 2022 from what it was. It was in 1995 and the class (dense plant) decreased significantly in 2022 from what it was in 1995.And it was found in the Soil Degradation Index (LDI) that the (severe deterioration) category increased significantly in 2022, and that the (mild recession, moderate deterioration) category decreased in 2022 as it was in 1995, and it was shown in the soil salinity index that the (high salinity) category It increased significantly in 2022, and it was found in the Barren Soil Index that the category (Bare Lands) increased in 2022 from what it was in 1995.