Perceived Symbolic Violence among Middle School Students

Abstract

Identifying the perceived symbolic violence among middle school students. Detecting statistically significant differences in perceived symbolic violence according to the variables of gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific - humanities).

The sample of the current research consisted of (500) male and female students in the Babylon Governorate Center, who were selected by a multi-stage random method with a proportional method for the academic year (2022-2023) for both genders. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher relied on the perceived symbolic violence defined by Bourdieu and after verifying the psychometric properties of the perceived symbolic violence scale and extracting its validity in several ways (facetious honesty and constructive honesty). As for reliability, it was done using the Cronbach method (internal consistency). As for the measure of self-perception contradictions, it was done. Extracting validity using several methods (face validity and construct validity) and reliability using a method (Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency).