Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in profile Bacteria Isolated from Water Effluent in Butcher Shops of Mosul City

Abstract

This research presents a comprehensive examination of antibiotic resistance gene profiles in bacterial isolates collected from water effluent in butcher shops located in Mosul City. The study investigated the prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistance among diverse bacterial species within this specific environmental context using PCR techniques. The findings revealed distinct patterns of resistance genes, indicating the potential emergence of antibiotic resistance in specific bacterial groups.

The identification of multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including erma, blaCTX, blaKPC, qnrA, minA, gyrA, and dfrA, in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis underscored the importance of multidrug resistance, posing significant challenges in infection management. Conversely, the absence of resistance genes in certain strains of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae provides hope for maintaining antibiotic efficacy against these bacterial species.

Urgent measures such as continuous surveillance and robust antibiotic stewardship programs are required to address the escalating threat of antibiotic resistance. Collaboration among healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and the public is essential for the successful implementation of effective strategies to preserve the effectiveness of existing antibiotics.

Moreover, the study shed light on the potential transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through the food chain, emphasizing the need to address environmental sources of resistance and their impact on food safety and public health.

In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights into antibiotic resistance in both clinical and environmental settings. Responsible antibiotic use, optimized infection control measures, and targeted treatment strategies based on resistance patterns are indispensable in combatting the global challenge of antibiotic resistance and safeguarding public health. Continued research in this area will play a pivotal role in developing evidence-based interventions and policies to curtail the spread of resistance and ensure the protection of future generations.