From Vulnerability To Empowerment: Youth Entrepreneurship, Resilience And Violent Extremism Reduction In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Selected Merged Districts

Abstract

This study examines how youth entrepreneurship contributes to transforming vulnerability into empowerment and reducing violent extremism in the selected merged districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Whereas earlier research has emphasized economic deprivation and identity crises as drivers of extremism, limited attention has been given to entrepreneurship as a multidimensional intervention. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi structured interviews with youth entrepreneurs, community representatives, and government officials. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key patterns and mechanisms. Drawing on Human Capital Theory, Social Identity Theory and Opportunity Cost Theory, the findings disclose that entrepreneurship boosts income stability, improves practical skills and nurtures socially recognized identities. These features mutually increase the opportunity cost of engaging in extremist activities, reinforce resilience and reduce vulnerability to radicalization. The study contributes to the literature by offering an integrated conceptual framework linking economic participation with psychological and social transformation. The findings propose that youth entrepreneurship can serve as a sustainable strategy for peace building and social stability in conflict affected regions.