Political Polarization In Contemporary Political, Ideological, And Social Discourse: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This systematic review examines the interconnected political, ideological, and Cultural dimensions of political Polarisation, with a focus on how these elements shape discourse across various societies. Political Polarisation is a term used to describe differing political opinions toward extreme political ideologies and beliefs. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies were employed in this research study to acquire research data. Six hundred forty research publications from 1,139 studies were systematically examined to investigate the connection between social media and political Polarisation. Although 144 research papers were analysed using the qualitative research approach, the remaining studies (n = 496) were evaluated using the quantitative method. The fiqqndings indicate that between 2014 and 2024, a significant surge occurred in research studies consistently demonstrating how social media exacerbates political Polarisation. The results also suggest that political Polarisation is increasing due to extensive social media usage worldwide. This comprehensive review presents several proposals for future research in the relevant fields of political communication and political Polarisation, along with recommendations for future studies.