Internal Migration In The Netherlands 2009-2022: Networks And Factors Of Migration Flows

Abstract

This study examines internal migration in the Netherlands over the period from 2009 to 2022, providing insights into the magnitude, characteristics, and spatial patterns of movements between municipalities. Using comprehensive individual-level data from Statistics Netherlands (CBS), it explores demographic profiles of internal migrants, factors influencing mobility, and the structure of migration networks. The analysis draws on two main sources: the register-based node data of the Person Network of the Netherlands, covering the entire Dutch population, and the Social Cohesion and Well-being (SSW) survey, which provides detailed social indicators from a representative sample. Combining descriptive statistics, network analysis, and visualization techniques, the publication offers a detailed look at who moves, how far they move, and the reciprocal nature of migration flows across regions. The results highlight that internal migration significantly shapes demographic dynamics and regional development. Young adults, particularly those aged 20–30, are most mobile. This likely reflects educational transitions, early career development, and household formation, as these life stages tend to coincide with higher mobility. Additionally, educational attainment appears to be a major factor in migration rates, with the higher educated individuals showing higher mobility. Income also plays a role, as both the lowest and highest quartiles exhibit notable migration levels. A distinctive feature of the Dutch internal migration network is its high reciprocity—around 75% of migration flows are matched by reciprocal movements, reflecting relatively balanced exchanges among municipalities. Policymakers, researchers, and urban planners can use these insights to better understand population redistribution, address regional imbalances, and develop strategies that support sustainable community development across the Netherlands.