Transformational Leadership And Extraversion In Education: A Cross-Border Study Of Pakistan And Afghanistan Under Taliban Rule

Abstract

This study studies the relationship between educational transformational leadership and the extraversion personality trait across two contrasting social and political environment in Pakistan and Taliban-ruled Afghanistan.[1] Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, applying descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson’s correlation, and regression analysis. Results of the study exposed that educational leaders in Pakistan scored higher in all six factors of extraversion i.e., friendliness, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement, and cheerfulness in comparison to Afghanistan’s educational leaders in Taliban regime. The mean score of educational transformational leadership in Pakistan (Mean = 3.8) was almost twice that of Afghanistan (Mean = 2.0). t- test results shows that a statistically significant differences exists in all six factors of extraversion  and educational transformational leadership with  p < 0.001. The Pearson’s correlation analysis shown strong positive relations between extraversion and transformational leadership in both countries, with assertiveness showing the strongest correlation in Pakistan with r = 0.74 and gregariousness in Afghanistan with r = 0.64. Regression analysis further established that assertiveness factor of Extraversion with β = 0.28 and gregariousness factor of extraversion with β = 0.25 were the strongest predictors of educational transformational leadership in Pakistan, while gregariousness with β = 0.23 and friendliness with β = 0.21 were strongest in Afghanistan. The model explained 61% of variance in Pakistan and 52% in Afghanistan. Overall, extraversion significantly predicts transformational leadership in both contexts, though the relationship is stronger in Pakistan due to more supportive social and political condition.