Tracing The British Legacy In Khyber: A Study Of The Ali Masjid Fort

Abstract

The Khyber Pass, located in the Khyber District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, is a place of immense historical and cultural importance. Long regarded as a gateway between Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the pass has served for centuries as a thoroughfare for invaders, merchants, pilgrims and explorers. Its strategic importance became more pronounced during the British colonial period, when it evolved into a pivotal trade and military corridor. In response, the British constructed a network of forts, garrisons, and watchtowers to secure the region, many of which still stand as enduring symbols of colonial architecture and policy. Among these, the Ali Masjid Fort, lying at the narrowest point of the pass, holds exceptional historical and strategic value. Built in the late 19th century, (traditionally dated to 1890), this fort was not only a key military post in the defense of the Khyber Pass during the Anglo-Afghan wars, but also served as a critical communication and control post. Its location and design reflect both tactical [1]foresight and colonial ambition.

The architectural features of Ali Masjid Fort embody a fusion of indigenous features and British military design. Constructed primarily from locally available stone, possibly quarried from nearby hills, the fort includes defensive watchtowers and strategically positioned cannons. These features were intended to enhance surveillance and resist incursions, while symbolising the colonial presence.

This study aims to re-examine the Ali Masjid Fort not only as a strategic military post but also as a symbol of the region’s cultural and historical heritage. Special attention is given to reassessing the fort’s recorded date of construction through analysis of contemporary archival sources, with the objective of resolving historical discrepancies and offering a deeper insight into the British colonial legacy in the Khyber Pass.