Economic Distress And Mental Health: An Empirical Study Of Inflation, Unemployment, And Suicide Rates In Pakistan (2003–2023)

Abstract

This study delves into the often-overlooked human dimension of economic crises, exploring the complex relationship between inflation, unemployment, and suicide rates in Pakistan over the past two decades. Against a backdrop of persistent economic uncertainty, it investigates how fluctuations in key economic indicators—namely inflation, unemployment, broad economic conditions, and demographic shifts—can deeply influence mental health and contribute to the rising incidence of suicide. Using data from the World Development Indicators (2003–2023), the research employs a multiple linear regression model to quantify the impact of these variables on suicide rates. In this framework, the suicide rate serves as the dependent variable, while the economic and demographic indicators act as predictors. The findings uncover a strong and concerning link: rising inflation and unemployment are closely associated with higher suicide rates, reflecting the deep emotional and psychological strain caused by economic instability. Demographic shifts, such as changes in population structure, further intensify these effects, shaping mental health outcomes across different groups in society. By bridging economic analysis with public health, this study highlights the urgent need for integrated policy responses. It provides evidence-based insights to help policymakers address the root causes of suicide, emphasizing the importance of protecting both economic and mental well-being.