Professionalism In Healthcare Discourse: A Cross-Cultural Linguistic Analysis Of Stakeholder Expectations

Abstract

Medical professionalism remains a concept without a universally agreed-upon definition across various perspectives. This study explores how different healthcare stakeholder groups in Punjab, Pakistan—including physicians, patients, medical students, government officials, registered nurses, and allied health professionals—perceive and interpret medical professionalism. Using a qualitative case study approach, researchers conducted 38 focus group discussions involving a total of 530 participants. Through thematic analysis, four core themes emerged, centered around values-based professionalism demonstrated by competent leaders who possess[1] influence and receive institutional support. Notably, the theme of "support" was distinctively shaped by the Pakistani context.

The findings indicate that perceptions of professionalism are influenced by cultural and religious values as well as professional training backgrounds. Participants emphasized the importance of developing a professional identity, formal education, workplace support, and sensitivity to religious and sociocultural norms—particularly in doctor-patient interactions. The study highlights that medical professionalism is context-dependent and challenges the notion of a single, universal definition. It contributes essential insights that can inform the development of strategies to improve both professional standards and culturally sensitive patient care in healthcare environments.