Mental Health Issues And Awareness Among College Students In Pakistan: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Mental health issues among college students are a growing global concern, with significant implications for academic performance and personal well-being. In Pakistan, cultural and socio-economic factors exacerbate these challenges, necessitating a deeper understanding of prevalence, awareness, and barriers to addressing mental health issues. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing focus group discussions with four participant groups: mental health professionals, community members, college students, and college students with mental health experiences. Eight focus groups were conducted across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Punjab, with 6–8 participants each. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis with NVivo software. Anxiety, depression, and academic stress were the most prevalent mental health issues. Other concerns included adjustment difficulties, substance abuse, self-harm, and identity struggles. While awareness is increasing, particularly in urban areas, students often lack a deep understanding of mental health conditions and struggle to differentiate between normal stress and clinical disorders. A significant urban-rural divide in awareness was noted, with rural students facing greater stigma and limited access to resources. Social media emerged as both a tool for awareness and a source of misinformation. The study highlights the need for [1]targeted mental health interventions tailored to the challenges faced by college students in Pakistan. Improving mental health literacy, addressing urban-rural disparities, and leveraging social media for awareness campaigns are critical. Collaborative efforts among educational institutions, policymakers, and mental health professionals are essential to reduce stigma and promote mental well-being.