Domestic Violence Against Women In Balochistan: Forms, Factors, And Fight For Justice

Abstract

Domestic violence against women is a worldwide problem. However, its prevalence is exceptionally high in less developed countries like Pakistan. This study examines numerous factors contributing to domestic violence across different parts of Balochistan. The study used a mixed methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods. The simple random sampling technique is used to choose 200 school teachers and educated housewives to collect their statistical insights into the issue. Similarly, to collect extensive qualitative data, a sample comprising women who experienced domestic abuse, policymakers, NGO representatives, and community members is selected using a purposive sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including frequency distribution, percentage analysis, and binary logistic regression, are applied to analyze quantitative data collected through structured questionnaires. In addition, qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions is analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicate that women in Balochistan experience several forms of domestic violence, including physical, sexual, psychological, and economic abuse. The findings also demonstrate that multiple socio-economic and cultural factors, including patriarchal norms, child marriage, women's economic dependency, Jirga system, and the misinterpretation of religious teachings to justify abusive behavior, significantly contribute to domestic violence against women. The study suggests several recommendations for eradicating domestic violence against women, including reforming Pakistan's legal and judicial system to enhance women's access to the criminal justice system, initiating awareness campaigns regarding violations of women's rights, and creating employment opportunities for women to reduce their financial dependence on men.