The Role Of Pakistan And India In Shaping South Asia’s Climate Change Landscape

Abstract

India and Pakistan are facing climate-related challenges including extreme weather events, water scarcity and environmental degradation, which impact agriculture, water resources and human health. Their historical and geopolitical tensions often-complicate collaborative climate action. Both the countries have made commitments under international agreements such as the Paris Agreement. Thus, their approaches reflect differing priorities and capacities. India, with its larger economy and significant [1]greenhouse gas emissions has focused on scaling up renewable energy and achieving ambitious targets. On the other hand, Pakistan has concentrated on adaptation strategies and enhancing resilience in vulnerable communities. The tension between these two nations affects regional climate initiatives and the effectiveness of collective actions. Bilateral strains such as water-sharing agreements and cross-border pollution often hinder collaborative efforts. The paper explores the complexities of Pakistan and India’s roles in South Asia’s climate change landscape and analyze their domestic and regional policies. By utilizing the qualitative analysis of previous literature, policy documents and mutual communications the study conceptualize the efforts of India and Pakistan to mitigate climate change.