Digital Transnationalism: Social Media As A Tool For Political Engagement Among Pakistani Expats

Abstract

This study explores the role of social media as a tool for political participation of the Pakistani diaspora, examining the use of various platforms, factors affecting the level of participation, and the challenges and opportunities faced. Drawing on the concepts of digitalism and interconnectedness, the study used a mixed method combining survey data with in-depth interviews with 500 Pakistani expatriates from various countries. The analysis shows that Facebook and WhatsApp are the most important platforms for political discussions, sharing content, and organizing events, reflecting their broad use and ease of access. Young expats and highly educated people are more likely to participate, while recent immigrants (those who have lived abroad for less than five years) are stronger than those who have lived abroad longer. The main issues identified include censorship, online bullying, and access to reliable information; The significant opportunities are to make connections, provide support, and work with organizations. Findings show that participation in digital politics fosters a sense of connection with the country and strengthens diasporic identity. Moreover, its collaboration with social organizations, international advocacy groups, politicians, and NGOs demonstrates the transnational nature of its activities. This research contributes to the understanding of digital aliens and political participation by providing insight into how social media supports political activism and manages transnational connections among expatriates. This study highlights the need for supporting policies and infrastructure to mitigate challenges and harness the political participation potential of digital platforms.