The Role Of Microbiome Diversity In Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract

The microbiome consists of bacteria that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with mammals. Microorganisms has the capacity to have an impact on several physiological systems, including the immune system, metabolism, and behavior. Recent research has emphasized the significance of the microbiome in the development of autoimmune disorders. It has been shown that there is a change in the composition of the gut bacteria in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus, specifically a decrease in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. On the other hand, alterations in the gut bacteria and the presence of periodontal disease have been suggested as significant contributors to the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Simultaneously, other autoimmune illnesses such as systemic sclerosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and anti-phospholipid syndrome also exhibit alterations in the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract and mouth microbiota. In this article, we will discuss the function of the microbiome in maintaining immune system homeostasis, as well as the changes in microorganisms that take place in systemic autoimmune illnesses. Lastly, we will examine the use of probiotics and fecal transplantation as innovative therapeutic objectives.