Physical And Psychosocial Variables Linked To Depression In Older Individuals

Abstract

Background: Old age is a big challenge to human life with respect to health needs as well as psychosocial needs. There is a rapidly ageing population globally, leading to a rise in subsidized public housing in many countries for older adults. According to the World Health Organization, depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in older adults. There is a gap in literature on the factors associated [1]with depression in those older adults, characterized by small living spaces and isolated community settings. The study aims: To examine the associations between socio-demographic variables, social support, self- perceived health and mental status, life satisfaction, exercise, physical functioning, chronic conditions, and the use of eldercare services, with depressive symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was utilized of older adults aged ⩾55 years. Multivariable logistic regression was applied. Results: Widowhood was associated with depressive symptoms, compared to being married or having a domestic partner (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01 to 2.86). Odds of depressive symptoms were associated with difficulty bathing and showering (AOR = 3.74, 95% CI = 1.06 to 13.21). Depressive symptoms were associated with cataract (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.77) and urinary tract disorder (AOR = 4.70, 95% CI = 1.21 to 18.26). There were dose-response relationships between higher odds of depressive symptoms and poorer social support, self-perceived mental health, life satisfaction, and exercise behavior (p for trend < 0.001). Conclusion: Factors including widowhood, physical functioning difficulty, chronic conditions, low social support, and low self-perceived mental health, poor life satisfaction, and lack of exercise behavior, were associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. More attention is needed to care for the psychosocial and physical needs of older adults.