Scientific Paper Entitled: Review Of Recent Drugs of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that occurs when the body has reduced insulin activity or insufficient insulin secretion. As the disease progresses, it leads to various complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular problems. There are two main subtypes of DM: type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Type 1 DM is typically treated with insulin replacement therapy, while type 2 DM is managed with oral medications for lowering blood sugar levels.

The primary drug therapy for type 2 DM includes insulin secretagogues, biguanides, insulin sensitizers, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, incretin mimetics, amylin antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. In cases where patients are unable to achieve their target blood sugar levels with a single oral medication, combination therapy involving two drugs may be recommended. However, conventional dosage forms of these drugs often have issues with inconsistent absorption and a short duration of action. This necessitates frequent dosing and can result in more side effects, leading to ineffective treatment and patient non-compliance.

Given the complex nature of the disease, nanotechnology-based approaches have gained attention for the treatment of type 2 DM. These approaches offer advantages such as targeted drug delivery to specific sites, improved drug absorption, and reduced dosing frequency. In this review article, we explore the underlying mechanisms of type 2 DM, current conventional treatment strategies (both single and combination therapy), and the use of nanotechnology for drug delivery in the management of type 2 DM.