Management And Preventive Strategies Of Obesity Among Adults In KSA: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a significant public health challenge globally, including in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This systematic review aimed to identify the most effective management and preventive strategies for obesity among adults in KSA, as well as the barriers and facilitators to their implementation.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases and grey literature sources. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies conducted among adult populations residing in KSA. Two independent reviewers screened the [1]titles and abstracts of identified articles, followed by full-text review and data extraction.

Results: The initial search yielded 26 relevant studies, of which two were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. The included studies provided insights into existing policies and strategies related to nutrition and obesity in KSA, as well as demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors contributing to obesity prevalence. Preventive strategies discussed included dietary interventions such as low-calorie, low-fat, low-carbohydrate, high-protein, and low glycemic index diets, as well as exercise-based interventions, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions.

Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the importance of evidence-based policies and interventions to address the obesity epidemic in KSA. While several preventive strategies show promise, further research is needed to evaluate their long-term effectiveness and inform comprehensive obesity management efforts. A coordinated, multi-sectoral approach is essential to combatting obesity and improving public health outcomes in KSA.