Suicidal Thoughts and Eating Disorders in Morbid and Non-morbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening illnesses. The mortality rate of EDs is significantly elevated compared to other psychiatric conditions, primarily due to medical complications and suicide. Patients with chronic illnesses like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of depression and psychiatric disorders, potentially leading to adverse outcomes. Eating disorders appear to be one of the factors contributing to T2DM and resulting in poor glycemic control and complications. The study aims: To compare the prevalence of eating disorders and suicidal thoughts between morbid and non- morbid T2DM patients. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted at hospitals in Jeddah, KSA from January to July 2022. A total of 232 T2DM patients aged between 30 and 65 were included in the study. Through convenience sampling, data were collected using structured questionnaires to assess eating disorders, suicidal thoughts, and demographic information. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between variables. Results: The study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of eating disorders between the two groups of T2DM patients (P = 0.083). However, upon considering age as a contributing factor, it was observed that younger patients distressed with morbid T2DM exhibited a markedly higher incidence of eating disorders when compared to their non-morbid counterparts (P = 0.019). In contrast, a significant distinction emerged in terms of suicidal thoughts between the two groups (P = 0.015), with patients suffering from morbid T2DM reporting elevated rates of contemplating suicide. Subgroup analyses further underscored a heightened prevalence of suicidal thoughts among female patients and those aged 30 - 59 who were afflicted with morbid T2DM. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of mental health assessment in T2DM patients, particularly those with morbid disease, younger age, higher Body Mass Index (BMI), and poor glycemic control. Early detection and intervention for eating disorders and suicidal thoughts could significantly improve the overall well-being and outcomes of T2DM patients.