Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Saudi Dentists

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among dentists is high. The symptoms might impair work capacity and the future possibility to stay in the profession. In Saudi Arabia, data about the prevalence and risk factors of this problem are scanty. Aim of work: To estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and its distribution among dental staff, house officers at Dentistry department, to find out the influence of personal and job characteristics, physical and psychological risk factors at work on the occurrence of MSDs and to detect the impact of MSDs on participants’ life. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among (403) participants. A self-administered questionnaire that included information about: personal and job characteristics, a version of Standard Nordic Questionnaire for occurrence of MSDs and modified version of Demand/Control model Questionnaire from Karasek for psychosocial factors. Results: The overall MSDs prevalence among participants was 66.7%, in which 29.3% had chronic complaints. Neck and shoulder pain were the most prevalent sites of complaint reported by 66.5% [1]and 61.8% of the subjects respectively, followed by low back pain and wrist pain (59.3%, 46.2%, respectively). The severity of MSDs forced 24.2% of respondents to take analgesic, 30.1% to reduce their daily activities, and 8.6% to go on sick leave. Dental staff significantly had the highest prevalence of MSDs compared to dental students and house officers. Older age participants were more prone to MSDs compared to younger ones; female respondents had higher MSDs than male but without statistical significance. As regard the physical factors at work: the use of vibration tool, excessive arm elevation and prolonged standing / sitting were significantly associated with increase in the prevalence of MSDs. Also psychosocial factors: as poor job control was significantly associated with the development of MSDs while high work demand didn’t. Conclusion: Work related musculoskeletal disorders are significant occupational health problems among both dentists and dental students. Their medical consequences justify extensive preventive efforts. Specific occupational health education programs, including ergonomic workplace adaptation should be implemented.